Theories Of Nonverbal Signs

Code nonverbal (nonverbal codes) are a group of behaviors that are used to convey meaning. Judee Burgon classify nonverbal code that the system has a characteristic structure. Structur trait among others the following:

• Firstly, nonverbal codes tend to be analog rather than digital. Where the digital signs as distinct as numbers and letters. Signs of an analog dial to connect to form a spectrum, such as volume and brightness of light.

• Second, although not entirely, nonverbal code is similarity / resemblance. Iconic signs with things symbolized. For example when we describe something with our hands.

• Third, nonverbal codes seems to bring a universal sense (meaning universal).

• Fourth, the nonverbal code allows simultaneous transmit (simultaneous Transmission) several messages. By using a facial, body, voice, and other signals. Several different messages can be sent at once.

• Fifth, nonverbal signs often generate an automatic response (automatic respond) without first thinking.

• Sixth, often nonverbal signs of spontaneous (spontaneously).

Basically, nonverbal has three dimensions, which are semantic (semantic), syntax (syntactic), and pragmatic (pragmatic). Semantic meaning of a sign pointing. For example if we show the thumb, it's a good sign. Whereas syntax refers to the way a sign of organized into a system with another sign. The pragmatic or behavior refers to the effects obtained from a group of signs or marks.

Kinesics or body language (body language). There are seven assumptions of the theory of body language. Among others the following:

a. All motion of the body has the potential in the context of communication.

b. Behavior can be analyzed because it is composed or organized. And the arrangement could become the subject of analysis systematically.

c. Although physical activity has a biological limitations, the use of physical motion in the interaction effect on the social system.

d. People are influenced by physical activity of others.

e. Mode function in which physical activity can communicate investigated.

f Meaning found in the body language of science research is the result of learned behavior by using the method.

g. Someone who uses physical activity to describe the privilege but also will become part of a large social system which is shared by others.

Ray Birdwhistell explained that there are three things in nonverbal activity: origin, coding, and how to use (usage). Origin is the source of an action / deed. A nonverbal behavior can be innate or innateness (formed in nervous system). Special-constant (or a universal behavior needed to survive) and variants. While the code is the relationship between the action with meaning. An action may be capricious, and not significantly embedded in the sign itself. Usage means to analyze the behavior. This includes where the degree of nonverbal behavior intended to convey information.

According to Ekman and Friesen, nonverbal behavior can be classified into five types depending on the origin, coding, and usage.

1. Emblems (symbols or signs). The emblem can be transmitted verbally into a fairly precise meaning.

2. Illustrator. Illustrator is used to describe what is referred to verbally.

Three. Adapter. The adapter is used to release body pressure. For example middle rack, wrinkled head, and foot stomping.

4. Regulator. Used to control or coordinate interactions.

5. Affect the display. This behavior may be innate section, which includes the display of feelings and emotions.

Proxemics. Referring to the space in the communication. When people talk with other people, there are several factors, among others, as follows:

a) Posture-sex factors, including sex and conversation participants basic body position (standing, sitting, or lying down).

b) sociopetal Sociofugal-axis, sociofugal mean the loss of morale in their interaction and sociopetal involving encouragement or enthusiasm and the axis is the angle the shoulders of others.

c) Kinesthetic factors, proximity to a person in terms of touching.

d) Touching behavior, including stroke and grip, feel, and touch extension, pressure, and so forth.

e) Visual code, this category includes the nature and distance of eye contact (eye contact) or not to make eye contact.

f) Thermal code, these elements include feeling the heat from other communicators.

g) Olfactory code, these factors include the type and degree of odor that is felt in a conversation.

h) Voice loudness, the sound can affect interpersonal distance.